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A:
Measure the moisture content of the materials involved
This
sounds simple, but all of the on-line systems that have been developed
including resistive, capacitance, infra-red and nuclear techniques,
are not consistently accurate...
The
resistive technique is prone to error because 'water' does not act
as a consistent conductor of electricity - pure water is a very
poor conductor whereas salt water is a very efficient conductor.
Dissolved salts (present to a variable extent in all aggregates)
therefore have a great influence on the measurement.
Capacitive
techniques are an improvement, but at the relatively low operating
frequencies used are still prone to errors due to dissolved salts.
Reflective
techniques such as infra-red, whilst having a high basic accuracy
also have a low penetration depth and therefore will not give a
representative value of moisture within bulk materials.
Besides
presenting a safety hazard, nuclear systems must often be mounted
in such a way that they do not produce a reading for the same batch
of material being weighed. With the large batch-to-batch changes
in moisture which have been observed this leads to significant errors.
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